種類：　依頼総説

Title： Genetic guidelines for tree species and perspectives on the conservation and sustainable use of forests

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 83-95

題名：　樹木の遺伝的ガイドラインと森林の保全と持続的利用に関する展望

著者：　津村義彦

所属：　筑波大学生命環境系

抄録：　森林の保全と持続的利用は、生物多様性保全、水の供給、災害防止、レクレーション、炭素固定、木材供給のためにも重要な課題である。災害地域や不良造林地などの復興、緑化、炭素固定のための森林再生は、近年、公的機関だけでなくNPOやNGOグループなどで、社会貢献活動としても盛んに行われている。しかしながら、由来の異なる外来の苗木が植林に使われる場合は、在来の個体と雑種を形成して、それらは局地環境に適応できない場合がある。一般の人々には適切な植林のための種子採取区域や苗木の植栽場所に関する遺伝的ガイドラインが必要である。津村・陶山（2015）は我が国の43樹種についてDNA情報を用いた種苗移動の遺伝的ガイドラインを提案している。しかしながら、このガイドラインは森林保全や持続的利用ための始まりに過ぎない。健全な森林の保全と持続的利用のためには、このガイドラインに地球温暖化で変化する形質や生理生態の変化などの重要な情報を付加することがさらに必要になる。本総説では我が国の森林の成り立ちや人類による森林の歴史的撹乱、種内の遺伝的構造の形成機構と植林のための遺伝的ガイドラインの重要性について論じる。

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2022.2040096

 

 

================特集================

Recent advances in the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between Frankia and actinorhizal plants

窒素固定菌フランキアとアクチノリーザル植物との共生に関わる最新の知見

 

種類：　特集／巻頭言

Title： Biology of actinorhizal symbiosis from genomics to ecology: the 20th International Meeting on Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 96-99

題名：　アクチノリーザル共生の生物学 — ゲノミクスから生態学まで：第20回フランキアとアクチノリーザル植物に関する国際会議の開催報告

著者：　九町健一，飛田博順，内海俊介，内海俊樹，山中高史

所属：　筑波大学

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2022.2036417

 

 

種類：　特集／原著論文

Title： Niche adaptation of Frankia do not drastically influence their metabolic profiling

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 100-105

題名：　フランキア菌の代謝特性はその生育適地への順応性の影響を大きくは受けない

著者：　Indrani Sarkar，Arnab Sen

所属：　University of North Bengal, India

抄録：　Metabolic-profiling (metabolomics/metabonomics) is a measurement strategy among biological systems for low-molecular-weight metabolites and their corresponding intermediates acting as dynamic physiological, pathophysiological and developmental stimuli. Information regarding the metabolomics of Frankia is elusive. In this study, we analyzed 48 Frankia whole-genome sequences. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and KEGG Automatic Annotation Server (KAAS) were used for the prediction and functional annotation of genes associated with diverse metabolic pathways. Comprehensive codon and amino-acid usage analyses along with tRNA adaptation index and dN/dS-based evolutionary inquest were performed. We have used the Database-of-Essential-Genes (DEG) server to predict the essentiality of the metabolic pathway-related-genes. We found a strong effect of compositional constraints on the metabolic pathway genes of Frankia. The evolutionary analysis revealed the conserved nature of the studied genes. Since the metabolic pathway-related genes were found to be housekeeping genes, they are conserved and less evolved. This was further validated with a dN/dS value of less than 1. Moreover, the number of synonymous changes was more than non-synonymous changes so that the amino acid sequence remains identical. The cluster of orthologs (COG) analysis revealed “metabolism” as the main functional category of the studied gene set. The core metabolic pathway-related genes among considered Frankia strains accumulated 115 genes. This study for the first time reveals the genomic characteristics of the metabolic pathway-related genes among Frankia. From all the analysis, we could hypothesize that in spite of their host specificity and differential taxonomical distribution, Frankia maintain a core metabolic proficiency among them.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2022.2028707

 

 

種類：　特集／原著論文

Title： Rhizospheric soil metabarcoding analysis of Alnus nepalensis from Darjeeling hills reveals the abundance of nitrogen-fixing symbiotic microbes

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 106-112

題名：　インド・ダージリン丘陵のネパールハンノキ根圏土壌をメタバーコーデイング解析すると共生性窒素固定微生物が豊富に存在することが明かになった

著者：　Gargi Sen，Indrani Sarkar，Saroja Chetrri，Pallab Kar，Ayan Roy，Arnab Sen，Malay Bhattacharya

所属：　University of North Bengal, India

抄録：　Actinorhizal plants are employed as successional plants for ecological restoration mainly due to their nitrogen-fixing ability. Alnus nepalensis or Nepali alder of Darjeeling hills is one of the potential plants used for agroforestry and known for its symbiotic association with an actinobacterium, Frankia. In this study, we performed a comparative16S rRNA amplicon analysis among six soil samples of Alnus rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere of different altitudes of Darjeeling hills. Bioinformatics analyses were performed through the MG-RAST web server. Results revealed a set of 32 core bacterial genera among both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. Interestingly, Alnus rhizospheric soil samples were more populated with nitrogen-fixing taxa than non-rhizospheric or bulk soil. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Frankia and Cyanobacteria may play an important synergistic role in the proper growth and developmental stages of these plants. They are crucial for increasing the nitrogen amount of the soil through nitrogen fixation and gradually help in increasing the soil fertility and thus help in the proper progression of Alnus through the seral stages of succession. Nonrhizospheric soil samples were having a distinct population of other soil bacteria like Streptomyces, Rubrobacter, and Xanthomonas with higher Alpha diversity (54.14) than Alnus rhizospheric soil (42.18). This result was also validated by the rare fraction curve, which indicated more biodiversity in Non-rhizospheric soil rather than Alnus rhizosphere.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2022.2037813

 

 

種類：　特集／総説

Title： Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in Casuarina: a review of recent research

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 113-116

題名：　モクマオウにおける塩類ストレス耐性機構：最近の研究成果から

著者：　Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros，Katharina Pawlowski，José C. Ramalho

所属：　Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal / Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal

抄録：　Salinization is a global concern whose extent is predicted to progressively increase over this century. In this context, biosaline agriculture has been included in the set of climate-smart solutions to support sustainable and resilient ecosystems. The Casuarinaceae family is widely known for its intrinsic ability to thrive under saline environments. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying salt-tolerance in this family is of utmost importance for landscape integration and soil rehabilitation. In this mini-review, we present the state of the art of Casuarina research – from gene to ecosystem – in response to salinity, towards green growth and sustainable development. Based on literature retrieval from 2000 to 2021, a general overview of salt-stress tolerance in the Casuarinaceae is presented, and the extent of the contribution of root-nodule and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses, as well as the related eco-physiological and molecular changes are discussed.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2022.2036416

 

 

種類：　特集／原著論文

Title： Effect of symbiotic associations with Frankia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on antioxidant activity and cell ultrastructure in C. equisetifolia and C. obesa under salt Stress

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 117-127

題名：　塩類ストレス下で生育するモクマオウ属樹木２種の抗酸化活性と細胞の超微細構造にフランキア菌とアーバスキュラー菌根菌の共生が及ぼす影響

著者：　Pape Ibrahima Djighaly，Nathalie Diagne，Daouda Ngom，Keren Cooper，Sarah Pignoly，Valérie Hocher，Jill M. Farrant，Sergio Svistoonoff

所属：　Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement/Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles/Université Cheikh Anta Diop (IRD/ISRA/UCAD); Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés Aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE) ; Université Assane Seck de Ziguinchor; Centre National de Recherches Forestières (ISRA/CNRF), Sénégal

抄録：　Plants of the Casuarinaceae family are widely known for their ability to tolerate salt stress. Casuarinaceae are able to develop symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and with the soil bacteria Frankia. The aim of this study was to evaluate adaptation mechanisms of Casuarina to tolerate salt stress when interacting Rhizophagus fasciculatus and Frankia. Two species showing different salt tolerance levels, i.e. C. equisetifolia and C. obesa, were grown in sandy sterile soil, inoculated with R. fasciculatus and/or Frankia and then watered gradually with increased concentrations of saline solutions. Total antioxidant activity, antioxidant enzyme concentration, and salt effects on cellular ultrastructure of shoots were evaluated. C. obesa has a better salt stress tolerance compared to C. equisetifolia. Co-inoculation (R. fasciculatus and Frankia) improved the performance of both plant species in saline. Higher antioxidant activity was observed in C. obesa. At 400 mM of NaCl C. obesa revealed a maintenance of cellular integrity whereas cell membrane rupture and disintegration of cellular contents were observed in C. equisetifolia tissues. Our results suggest that a selection of appropriate plant species is important to improve plant performance in saline soils.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2022.2037837

 

 

種類：　特集／原著論文

Title： Effect of Frankia and Micromonospora on growth and health improvement in Casuarina clones

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 128-132

題名：　フランキア菌とミクロモノスポラ菌がモクマオウ苗木の成長と耐病性向上及ぼす効果

著者：　Arumugam Karthikeyan，Kumar Kanchanadevi，Abel Nicodemus

所属：　Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, India

抄録：　Casuarinas have been used for paper and pulp, and many Casuarina clonal plantations were made in India. Two actinobacteria, Frankia and Micromonospora, colonize in root nodules of Casuarinas and improve the growth of their host plants as a symbiotic nitrogen fixer and a biocontrol agent against Ralstonia solanacerum, a wilt desease bacteria damaging young clonal plantations, respectively. In the present study, antimicrobial activity of Micromonospora against Ralstonia solanacearum was examined. Then, effects of Frankia and Micromonospora on the growth and nitrogen content in Casuarina hybrid clones were examined in the greenhouse. The biocontrol activity of Micromonospora against a bacterial wilt was also evaluated in Casuarina plantations. The results showed that Micromonospora suppressed the growth of R. solanacearum under laboratory conditions and that the growth of Casuarina clones was improved by the addition of cultured Frankia and/or Micromonospora. The bacterial wilt in Casuarina clonal plantations might be suppressed due to the biocontrol activity of Micromonospora.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2022.2035902

 

 

種類：　特集／原著論文

Title： Distribution of Frankia and ectomycorrhizal fungi in a denuded volcanic soil exposed by a landslide during heavy rainfall caused by Typhoon No. 26 (Wipha) in 2013

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 133-139

題名：　2013年伊豆大島豪雨に伴う斜面崩壊により露出した土壌中のフランキア菌と外生菌根菌の分布

著者：　山中高史，谷口武士，小川泰浩，今矢明宏，金子真司，大丸裕武

所属：　森林研究・整備機構森林総合研究所東北支所

抄録：　2013年10月の台風26号通過に伴う集中豪雨により伊豆大島の三原山西斜面にて、斜面崩壊が発生した。2013年12月と2014年6月に、斜面崩壊により露出した箇所の土壌を採取し、これらの土壌にてオオバヤシャブシ実生苗を栽培し、土壌中の窒素固定放線菌フランキアと外生菌根菌の生育を調べた。その結果、露出した土壌表面から40 cmまでの深さにおいて、フランキア菌と外生菌根菌が確認された。 また、崩壊により露出した土壌にて生育するオオバヤシャブシ実生苗を2014年6月に採取し、それらの外生菌根と根粒の形成を調べると、調べた148個体の、９割を越える個体で根粒と外生菌根が形成されていた。オオバヤシャブシ実生苗に形成されていた外生菌根菌の主な種類はAlpova属とTomentella属のものであった。今回の結果により、斜面崩壊跡の植生の自然回復には、フランキア菌と外生菌根菌に重要である可能性が示された。

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2022.2026558

================（特集ここまで）================

 

 

種類：　原著論文／Silviculture and Plant Sciences

Title： Genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits among 37 Xanthoceras sorbifolium elite germplasms

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 140-147

題名：　Xanthoceras sorbifolium精英樹遺伝資源３７系統における表現形質の遺伝的多様性解析

著者：　Yali Wang，Yi Li

所属：　Gansu Agriculture University, China; Ningxia Forestry Institute, China

抄録：　Xanthoceras sorbifolium is one of the most economically important species cultivated in northern China. To analyze the phenotypic variation within X. sorbifolium, 35 phenotypic traits among 37 elite germplasms were analyzed using nested analysis of variance, coefficient of variation (CVs), principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. Large variation and rich phenotypic diversity were found among and within germplasms of X. sorbifolium. The mean of coefficient of variation for 35 traits among 37 germplasms was 25.49%. It varied from 12.80% to 63.25%, and ranked as follows: branch traits (45.51%) > inflorescence traits (31.01%) > fruit traits (24.67%) > flower traits (24.35%) > seed traits (21.82%) > leaf traits (21.45%). The mean heritability (H²) of 35 phenotypic traits was 75.94%. Significant correlations were observed within and among most branch, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed traits. The cumulative contribution rate of the first nine main principle components reached 80.333%. The 35 phenotypic traits were classified into two main categories and five subcategories by clustering analysis of phenotypic traits. Combined result of correlation, PCA, and clustering of phenotypic traits, 18 representative traits were selected. The 37 elite germplasms were classified into two main groups and six subgroups according to their characteristics by Ward’s method and reasonable utilization of each subgroup were suggested. These results provide useful information for genetic improvement, preservation, and evaluation of X. sorbifolium germplasms.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2021.2009094

 

 

種類：　原著論文／Silviculture and Plant Sciences

Title：　Photoinhibition and pigment composition in relation to needle reddening in sun-exposed Cryptomeria japonica at different altitudes in winter

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 148-157

題名：　冬期の異なる標高に生育するスギ針葉の赤褐色化に関連する光阻害と色素組成

著者：　片畑伸一郎，加藤万季，飯尾淳弘，向井譲

所属：　岐阜大学応用生物科学部

抄録：　スギの針葉は晩秋から冬期にかけて緑色から赤褐色に変化する。この変化は、カロチノイドの一種であるロドキサンチンの蓄積によるものである。ロドキサンチンの蓄積は、冬期に直射日光があたる針葉にのみ観察されるため、低温と強光条件で生じる光阻害との関連性が指摘されてきた。また、針葉色の変化と立地環境との関係についても議論されており、ロドキサンチンの合成が開始される時期や蓄積量は標高間で異なることが想像できる。そこで本研究では、ロドキサンチンの蓄積に及ぼす立地環境や気温の影響を明らかにすることを目的とし、南斜面の異なる標高（150、 630、 900及び1,120m）で生育するスギにおける光阻害の程度とロドキサンチンの蓄積との関係について解析した。その結果、12月下旬、他の標高に比べ標高1,120mにおいてロドキサンチンの急増は観察されたが、4標高間でのロドキサンチンの最大蓄積量に差はなかった。一方、光阻害の程度を示す光化学系II（PSII）における最大量子収率（F_v/F_m）とロドキサンチン量との間に相関があり、光阻害の程度がロドキサンチンの蓄積に影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった。さらに、各標高で生育するスギの切り枝を持ち帰り、室内で光阻害からの回復過程を調べた結果、標高1,120mのF_v/F_mは完全に回復しなかった。これは、標高1,120mのF_v/F_mの低下の原因は、キサントフィルサイクルの回転効率の低下だけでなく、PSIIのタンパク質の減少が関連していることを示している。それ故、他の標高と比べ標高1,120mにおいては、キサントフィルサイクルでは消去しきれない過剰な光エネルギーが多く発生し、より深刻な光阻害が生じていることが明らかになった。

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2021.2011561

 

 

種類：　原著論文／Silviculture and Plant Sciences

Title： Characterization of Larix kaempferi seeds selected by near-infrared spectroscopy for germination and post-germination growth in nursery containers

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 158-167

題名：　近赤外分光法で選別したカラマツ種子の発芽とコンテナ育苗した苗の成長

著者：　来田和人，今博計，石塚航，松田修

所属：　北海道立総合研究機構林業試験場

抄録：　ニホンカラマツ（Larix kaempferi)の苗木需要量が増加しており，コンテナ苗は，その需要を満たすと期待されている。しかしながら，現行のコンテナ苗では露地で育苗した1年生幼苗をコンテナに移植しているため作業量の軽減や育苗期間の短縮につながっていない。本研究では現行の育苗期間2年を1年に短縮するため，近赤外分光法で種子を選別し，コンテナに直接播種する方法（直接播種）と小さなプラグに播種した後，コンテナに移植する方法（プラグ苗移植）を試験した。非選別種子に比べて選別種子の発芽率は増加した(χ²-検定)。発芽所要日数は重い種子ほど短くなり，早く発芽した苗木ほど苗高が大きくなった。また，プラグからコンテナへの移植は苗高に負の影響があった（一般化線形モデル（GLM）と分散分析（ANOVA））が，植栽苗の基準を下回る程の影響はなかった。一方，コンテナのセル容量は，直径成長に正の影響があり（GLMとANOVA），大きいセル容量（300ml）のコンテナを用いるこで，直接播種，プラグ苗移植のどちらの方法であっても育苗期間を1年に短縮できることが明らかとなった。

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13416979.2021.2014085

 

 

Correction

巻頁：　J For Res 27 (2): 168

https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2021.1904609